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On 25 December 1998 the first Act regulating advertising in the Republic of Uzbekistan was passed. Until then, advertising had been regulated only by presidential edicts and government decrees. According to the new Act, "advertising means specific information about legal and natural persons or products for the generation of income". The Act does not cover political advertising. Experts in Uzbekistan have noted that this Act is generally very similar to Advertising Acts in the other States which were formerly part of the Soviet Union. Its most important statutory provisions are: - all advertisements...

In December 1998 the amendments to the Audiovisual Act No.48/1992 ( Lege pentru modificarea si completarea Legii audiovizualului nr.48/1992) were approved by Parliament. The amendments were essentially aimed at completing the Act in order to promote European productions. The new provisions of the Act stipulate that public and private television companies in Romania have until 1 January 2003, as far as possible, to gradually give greater priority to European audiovisual productions until they represent the majority of programmes broadcast, excluding air time devoted to news and sports programmes,...

The High Court of the Zurich Canton, in a revolutionary judgement concerning the dissemination of pornography via the Internet, has established a legal precedent. The operator of a mailbox was fined for giving unrestricted access to pornographic material to any user, including children under the age of 16. After viewing the material, which was transferred into the mailbox not by the defendant himself but by other users, he had moved it to the appropriate section, created by himself, and had failed to delete it, leaving it on file sometimes over a period of years. Under the terms of Art. 197.1 of...

On 1 January 1999 three new Acts replacing the Radio Equipment Act of 1927 and the Cable Transmission Act of 1987 came into force. The Acts also implement the Television without Frontiers Directive. The Act on Television and Radio Operations (Act 744/1998) generally seeks to promote television and radio broadcasting. It states, inter alia, that licences to operate television or radio broadcasting over the air shall be declared open for application and are to be granted - for a maximum period of ten years - by the government. The government will issue a plan on the use of frequencies. When granting...

The prohibition of advertisements aimed at children on Swedish television has been subject to a judgment by the Market Court. In the "De Agostini case" two questions had to be considered by the Court. First, whether the Swedish prohibition of advertisements targeted at children constituted a violation of the free movement of services and, second, whether the Swedish rules on misleading advertisement could be applied to advertisements transmitted into Sweden from broadcasters established abroad. In 1997, the Court of Justice of the European Communities issued a preliminary ruling on the question...