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On 1 November the Legea privind publicitatea (Advertising Act no.148), adopted by the Romanian Parliament on 29 June 2000, came into force. Previously, advertising in the Romanian audiovisual sector had been regulated by the Consiliul National al Audiovizualului (National Audiovisual Council) or merely self-regulated by advertising agencies and media institutions. The main purpose of the new Act is to protect consumers from misleading advertisements. Advertising is considered "misleading" if there is a deliberate intention to mislead the consumer by concealing essential information concerning the...

New restrictions designed to implement the basic principles of the "Television Without Frontiers" Directive were introduced into the 1996 Tabako Kontroljis Estatymo (Statute on Tobacco Control). The amendments entered into force on 16 March 2000. Article 11 imposes a total ban on the advertising of tobacco products. The Statute defines advertisement as "information disseminated in any form and through any means of transmission that directly promotes acquisition and use of tobacco products". Hence it includes various ways of depicting the product logo or presenting positive information about tobacco....

On 16 March 2000 amendments to the Alkoholio Kontroljis Estatymo (Statute on Alcohol Control) of 18 April 1995 entered into force. The amendments impose a total ban on the advertising of alcohol during television and radio programmes intended for children and teenagers. The changes are in response to the requirements of the "Television Without Frontiers" Directive. Other (generally permissible) advertising may not link the use of alcohol to driving, improvement of physical well-being, mental activity, personal problem solving, social well-being and increased sexual activity. It may not emphasise...

Recently, the Bulgarian Parliament adopted amendments to the Zakon za Radioto I Televiziata (Bulgarian Law on Radio and Television - LRT). They came into force in October 2000. The amendments concern several key aspects of LRT, some of which are connected with the initial disputes over the very adoption of the LRT several years ago (see IRIS 1999-1: 8, IRIS 1998-9: 1 and IRIS 1998-9: 10-11). Firstly, through changes made to the provisions contained in Articles 3, 5, and 6 LRT, sole traders are now included in the list of subjects entitled by the Law to undertake radio and television activities....

On 5 August this year, the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, signed a new Act, adding two new paragraphs to Section 41 of the 1991 Zakon o sredstvach massovoj informazii (Mass Media Act), the second time this year that new prohibitions have been added to the Act (see IRIS 2000-7: 14). New paragraphs 3 and 4 of Section 41 of the Mass Media Act ban the dissemination in the mass media of information that identifies, directly or indirectly, a juvenile offender or victim of crime officially recognised as such during a criminal investigation or court proceedings. The only exception...