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In June 2026, Spain formalised a co-regulation agreement for the age classification of audiovisual programmes and content, marking a key milestone in the implementation of the General Audiovisual Communication Law (Ley 13/2022 General de Comunicación Audiovisual – LGCA). The agreement was signed by the National Commission on Markets and Competition (Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia - CNMC), the Ministry for Digital Transformation and Civil Service, and a broad range of stakeholders representing the Spanish audiovisual ecosystem. The initiative aims to reinforce...

On 9 June 2026, Ofcom, the UK’s communications regulator, confirmed a new set of crisis response measures that will be incorporated into its Illegal Content Codes of Practice and Protection of Children Codes of Practice under the Online Safety Act 2023 (OSA). The measures form part of Ofcom’s wider implementation of the OSA and are designed to strengthen how certain online platforms respond when exceptional events generate a rapid increase in illegal content or content harmful to children, particularly where online activity poses a threat to public safety. Ofcom has adopted...

In its recently published 2025 annual report on the protection of minors on the internet, jugendschutz.net highlighted current risks and the need for action, once again identifying sexualised violence and extremist hate content as key problems online. AI, including AI-powered chatbots also known as AI companions, played a central role in this context. For instance, minors could be exposed to inappropriate content, including sexualised material, both when interacting with chatbots and on AI-powered social media services such as Butterflies.AI, without any effective age verification...

The Portuguese parliament has finalised the implementation of the Digital Services Act, designating the National Authority for Communication (Autoridade Nacional de Comunicações - ANACOM) as the Portuguese Digital Service Coordinator. Law No. 12-A/2026, of 15 April, has also established, as other coordinators, the Media Regulatory Agency (Entidade reguladora para a comunicacao social - ERC) and the National Commission for Data Protection (Comissão Nacional de Proteção de Dado - CNDP).   ANACOM is now the national authority that supervises the compliance...

Ofcom, the UK’s communications regulator, has imposed a GBP 950 000 penalty on the provider of an online suicide discussion forum for continuing failures under the Online Safety Act 2023 (OSA). The decision marks a further expansion of the OSA enforcement beyond pornography and age-assurance obligations (see IRIS 2026-1:1/25, IRIS 2026-3:1/10 and IRIS 2026-4:1/3) into the Act’s illegal-content duties concerning content that may encourage or assist suicide. Ofcom has not named the forum or provider because of the nature of the service. The regulator says the forum had been cited in connection...