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On 20 February 1997, the State Duma passed in the first reading (for a Bill to become law, there should be three readings in the Duma, approval by the Upper House, and signing by the President) a Bill on Limitations of Circulation of Products, Services and Performances of Sexual Character in the Russian Federation. The Bill, drafted by the Committee on Culture of the Duma permits, in accordance with Article 242 of the 1997 Criminal Code, the sale and distribution of legal pornography (as opposed to pornographic material which is considered to be illegal ). At the same time, for the first time...

In March 1997, a new Film Act was adopted in Denmark, of which the main features are the following: The State film bodies, including the Danish Film Institute, the National Film Board of Denmark, the Danish Film Museum, the Danish Film Institute Workshop and the National Film Censorship Board are merged into one institution called the Danish Film Institute. The Institute has the same tasks as the separate institutions it replaces. The age limits of film censorship are now lowered from 12 and 16 to 11 and 15. The guiding age limit of 7 is preserved. The guiding age limit means that parents are advised...

Following a presentation by the European Commission and an exchange of views, the Council of the European Union announced inter alia that it noted the specific importance of these matters linked to the content of the new audio-visual services as well as the complementarity between this Green Paper and the Commission communication on `illegal and harmful content on the Internet' (see also IRIS 1996-10: 4).

The French Senate regularly publishes working documents. Among these publications, there is a series of documents which compares the legislation of different States in different subject areas. Recently, a document was published comparing the legislation of different States regarding regulatory authorities in the media sector and of programme standards. The States covered are Germany, Spain, Italy, The Netherlands and the UK. A separate section refers briefly to those provisions in the `Television without Frontiers' Directive that relate to the protection of minors.

The Romanian Law on audio-visual of 20 May 1992 (No 48/1992) gives authority to the National Audio-visual Council (NAC), to formulate binding rules that implement certain provisions of the Act, for example, in the field of advertising. On 30 January 1997, the NAC issued a Decision concerning measures for the protection of mionors. This Decision prohibits televised broadcasting of programmes which may affect the physical, moral or mental development of minors due to their vicious or extremely violent nature (Art. 1). The same decision restricts the broadcasting of erotic, pornographic or extremely...