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On 1 September 1999 the European Commission presented an amended proposal aiming at establishing a coherent legal framework for the development of electronic commerce within the single market. The first proposal of the Directive dates back to 18 November 1998 (see IRIS 1999-1: 3). The main reason behind the proposal is the need to provide solid guarantees for services in the information society in order to benefit fully from the freedom of movement of services and the freedom of establishment within the EU. The proposed directive embraces the fields of commercial communications, electronic contracts,...

The Nordic countries have enacted legal rules and other regulatory texts concerning advertising in broadcasting which are broadly similar. All five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) have also largely implemented the recommendations on "Joint rules for television advertising", adopted by the Nordic Council of Ministers in 1991, according to a recent report from the Nordic Council of Ministers. All Nordic countries subscribe to the principle that advertising must be clearly identifiable as such. They have all enacted legislation making ethical demands on advertisers,...

The Spanish Parliament has approved an Act amending the provisions of the 1995 Spanish Criminal Code that regulate sex-related crimes. The final text of the Act mainly coincides with the text of the bill presented by the Government in 1997. According to the new version of Art. 189 (1) (b) of the Spanish Criminal Code, the production, sale, distribution and exhibition of pornographic material in which children have participated shall be punished with one to three years' imprisonment, even if the material has been taken from abroad or if its origin is unknown. The possession of materials of this...

The Spanish Parliament has finally approved an Act incorporating the revised "Television Without Frontiers" Directive into Spanish Law. This Act amends Law 25/1994, which implemented the original "Television Without Frontiers" Directive. The new Act introduces some important amendments: - According to the new Art. 2 of Law 25/1994, the provisions of this law shall apply to terrestrial, satellite and cable TV, and to all public and private broadcasters. Until now, Law 25/1994 did not apply to thematic channels distributed via satellite, and only a few of its provisions applied to the programmes...

The Asociación de Autocontrol de la Publicidad (the Spanish Advertising Self-Regulatory Association - AAP) has recently approved a Code of Conduct for Advertising on the Internet. The AAP was set up in 1995, and its objectives are to ensure that the self-regulatory provisions for the regulation of advertising are adhered to, and to regulate the form and content of the media. In 1996, the AAP already adopted a (general) Advertising Code of Conduct, which has been widely accepted by the industry. Now, the AAP has approved a new Code of Conduct for advertising on the Internet. The code applies only...