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During 2000, numerous efforts have been made in order to bring the legal order for the media of the Republic of Cyprus into line with European prerequisites. As far as private broadcasting is concerned, Directive 89/552/EEC on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the pursuit of television broadcasting activities had already been transposed by Law 7(I) of 29 January 1998 "consolidating and revising the Establishment, Installation and Operation of Radio and Television Stations". Furthermore, Law 7(I) had adopted certain...

By its Decree of 30 March 1999, the Flemish Parliament has decided to establish a new council to guarantee the protection of minors in application of Article 22 of the "Television without Frontiers" Directive. This new Council, the Vlaamse Kijk- en Luisterraad (Flemish Viewing and Listening Council for Radio and Television"the Council") will be composed of 2 judges and 7 experts inter alia in the field of child psychology and pedagogy. The Council will be empowered to take decisions on its own initiative or subsequent to a complaint. A conviction by the Council can lead to a warning and a request...

On 1 November the Legea privind publicitatea (Advertising Act no.148), adopted by the Romanian Parliament on 29 June 2000, came into force. Previously, advertising in the Romanian audiovisual sector had been regulated by the Consiliul National al Audiovizualului (National Audiovisual Council) or merely self-regulated by advertising agencies and media institutions. The main purpose of the new Act is to protect consumers from misleading advertisements. Advertising is considered "misleading" if there is a deliberate intention to mislead the consumer by concealing essential information concerning the...

New restrictions designed to implement the basic principles of the "Television Without Frontiers" Directive were introduced into the 1996 Tabako Kontroljis Estatymo (Statute on Tobacco Control). The amendments entered into force on 16 March 2000. Article 11 imposes a total ban on the advertising of tobacco products. The Statute defines advertisement as "information disseminated in any form and through any means of transmission that directly promotes acquisition and use of tobacco products". Hence it includes various ways of depicting the product logo or presenting positive information about tobacco....

On 16 March 2000 amendments to the Alkoholio Kontroljis Estatymo (Statute on Alcohol Control) of 18 April 1995 entered into force. The amendments impose a total ban on the advertising of alcohol during television and radio programmes intended for children and teenagers. The changes are in response to the requirements of the "Television Without Frontiers" Directive. Other (generally permissible) advertising may not link the use of alcohol to driving, improvement of physical well-being, mental activity, personal problem solving, social well-being and increased sexual activity. It may not emphasise...