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The Broadcasting Council, which monitors broadcasting in the Czech Republic, has imposed fines on several Czech TV broadcasters. In one case, broadcasters repeatedly showed an advertisement for a brand of sweet, in which a girl threw her doll at a car at a street crossing so that the activated airbags trapped the car's occupants against the back of their seats. The girl then took a sweet from the hand of an astonished woman sitting in the car. A voice then said: "(name of brand) - when you must, you must". In the Broadcasting Council's view, this advertisement was aimed at minors and encouraged...

On 5 September 2001, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe adopted a Recommendation concerning self-regulation and user protection against illegal or harmful content on new communications and information services. The Recommendation underlines the importance of Europe-wide and, indeed, international collaboration concerning the regulation of content on the Internet. Recommendation Rec(2001)8 stresses the importance of self-regulatory initiatives by the information industries, in cooperation with the governments of member states. It presents certain principles and mechanisms dealing...

Last summer the Conseil d'État cancelled the exploitation licence issued to the film Baise-moi allowing the film to be shown to anyone over the age of 16 years. The case gave rise to considerable controversy regarding gaps in the classification of cinema films in France. According to the 1990 decree, there are four common-law classifications for cinema films - authorisation for showing the film to the general public, authorisation for showing the film to anyone over the age of 12 years, authorisation for showing the film to anyone over the age of 16 years, or a total ban on showing the film. In...

In July 2001, the Spanish Parliament passed a new Ley de fomento y promoción de la cinematografía y el sector audiovisual (Act on the promotion of the film industry and the audiovisual sector). The main aims of this Act are to promote the production, distribution and exhibition of European and Spanish audiovisual works and to protect the Spanish audiovisual heritage. At the national level, the authority in charge of achieving these aims will be the Instituto de Cinematografía y Artes Audiovisuales (Cinema and Audiovisual Arts Institute - ICAA). This autonomous body derives its authority from the...

On 21 December 2000 the President of Lithuania signed into law amendments to the law "On provision of information to the public (1996)". The amendments provide for further changes in broadcasting law pursuant to Lithuania's obligations under the European Convention on Transfrontier Television. First, the law clarifies the requirements to protect minors from programmes detrimental to their physical, intellectual and moral development, particularly that which is linked with pornography and (or) gratuitous portrayal of violence (Art.18). It eliminates the requirement to mark with a special visual...