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In future, whenever the Consiliul Na tionalal al Audiovizualului (Romanian National Audiovisual Council - CNA) reprimands or sanctions a TV or radio broadcaster, the broadcaster concerned will be obliged, according to CNA Decision No. 52/2003, to provide its viewers or listeners with accurate, prompt information about the reason for and form of the punishment. In the case of TV broadcasters, a statement must be broadcast within 24 hours of the decision being announced by the CNA, at least three times between 6 pm and 10 pm and at least once in a main news bulletin. Sanctioned radio broadcasters...

After stating and supplementing the existing arrangements for limiting the television broadcasting of "Category V" programmes, ie cinematographic works that may not be shown to people under the age of 18 years and pornographic or very violent programmes, (see IRIS 2003-4: 9), the Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (audiovisual regulatory body - CSA) has now turned to those in Category III - works that are deemed not suitable for children under the age of 12 and works that may not be screened in cinemas to children under the age of 12. These programmes may not be broadcast in the 20:30h slot by...

In a criminal law ruling of 31 January 2003, the Landgericht Düsseldorf (Düsseldorf District Court - LG Düsseldorf) assessed the rules governing the dissemination of pornography on the Internet with regard to the protection of minors. In Germany, prior to the entry into force on 1 April 2003 of reforms on youth protection in the media, pornographic content could be disseminated on the Internet, provided "technical precautions are taken to ensure that the content or its dissemination in Germany can be restricted to adult users" (Article 3.2.2 of the Gesetz über die Verbreitung jugendgefährdender...

On 18 February 2003, the regulatory authority for electronic media, the Consiliul Na tional al Audiovizualului (National Audiovisual Council - CNA), imposed a fine of ROL 250 million (EUR 6956) on private TV broadcaster B1 TV for breaches of Articles 2, 3, 4 and 10 of Decision No. 78/2002 on the protection of minors (see IRIS 2002-10: 11). The programme "Ma sina adevarului"("Lie detector"), shown on 13 February 2003, contained video footage of a minor being asked by his mother to recount in great detail how he had supposedly been sexually abused by his father. "Recording this material caused extremely...

On 29 November 2002, Italian public and private broadcasters signed a self-regulatory Code of Conduct and presented it to the Ministry for Communications in order to provide adequate protection for under-age viewers and to actively limit minors' exposure to harmful content on television. The Code, called Codice di autoregolamentazione TV e Minori' (Self- regulatory code of conduct on television and minors) is a provisional instrument, which will be applied until extensive legislation on this matter is adopted. The main objective of the Code is to protect minors from manipulative advertising and...