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In a recommendation of 15 December 2004, the Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (official regulatory authority - CSA) strengthened the measures that apply to editors and distributors of television services broadcasting "Category V" programmes, in cinematographic works that may not be shown to anyone under the age of 18 years and pornographic or extremely violent programmes. This recommendation cancels and replaces previous recommendations on the subject (see IRIS 2003-4: 9 and IRIS 2003-10: 7). The CSA recalled the principles that are already established, according to which only "cinema" channels,...

During the last general elections (March 2004), the quality of Spanish TV programmes was hotly debated. Many argued that there are too many gossip programmes, full of artificial debates and shouting. This kind of programming, which is known as telebasura (telerubbish), is also shown at times in which many children may see such broadcasts. The Spanish Government has decided to try to tackle this problem. One of the measures adopted has been to set-up, together with the main national TV broadcasters, a co-regulatory code on the protection of minors. On 9 December 2004, this code was signed by the...

The Federal Government and the Länder, who agreed in 1996 to distinguish between tele- and media services, have decided to abolish the distinction in favour of a common regulatory system in order to take into account media convergence. It was announced at the telecommunications day organised by the industry association Bitkom in Berlin on 14 December 2004 that draft reforms of the law on tele- and media services should be put down for discussion in April 2005. They will include the total abolition of the current Mediendienstestaatsvertrag (Inter-State Agreement on Media Services) and its replacement...

In a ruling of 4 November 2004, the Bayerische Verwaltungsgericht München (Bavarian Administrative Court, Munich - BayVG) annulled most of the provisions of a decision of the Bayerische Landeszentrale für Neue Medien (Bavarian New Media Office - BLM) banning the repeat transmission of six episodes of MTV's "Freak Show". On 28 June 2002, the BLM had banned MTV from showing repeats of these programmes, which had already been broadcast, and declared the decision immediately enforceable. MTV's request to the BayVG to delay the enforceability of the decision was granted because the Court did not believe...

The Consiliul Na tional al Audiovizualului (National Audiovisual Council ­ CNA), the Romanian regulatory body for electronic media, carried out three studies in the audiovisual field during 2004. Published in three volumes, the three studies dealt with issues including the electronic media landscape in Romania in the European context and various specific topics such as the portrayal of drug, alcohol and tobacco use in broadcasting. The project was financed by the European Union as a means of monitoring the adoption and application of the acquis communautaire in the electronic media field. The study...