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Satellite broadcaster VT4 was issued in December with a formal warning by the Independent Television Commission (ITC) for failing to comply with its advertising scheduling rules. VT4 is a satellite channel based in the UK (and therefore licensed by the ITC in the UK) but directing its service at the Belgian market. VT4 breached the advertising requirement that no more than 12 minutes of advertising or teleshopping spots should be scheduled in any one clock hour. A formal complaint received from the Flemish Ministry of Economic and Media Affairs drew attention to two specific periods. Further evidence...

In December 1998, the Federal Service for Television and Radio Broadcasting (FSTR) of the Russian Federation issued two decrees directed at introducing strict control over operations of the broadcasting companies. The first is "On strengthening state control over broadcasters' compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation relating to television and radio broadcasting, mass media and conditions of the broadcasting licence ". Under the new form of control, the Department of State Inspection of Television and Radio Broadcasting of the FSTR would issue a warning to broadcasting companies...

The Albanian People's Assembly passed this law on public and private radio and television on 30 September 1998. The law regulates in 150 articles the activities of public and private broadcasting, defined in the general provisions (Chapter 1) as the organisation, transmission and retransmission of programmes and information of all kinds in speech, images, coded signals or text using electromagnetic waves via cables, amplifiers or satellites, and intended for public use (Art. 2). In Art. 4 the basic principles underlying broadcasting are set out: primarily, respect for the dignity and personality...

On 1 January 1999 three new Acts replacing the Radio Equipment Act of 1927 and the Cable Transmission Act of 1987 came into force. The Acts also implement the Television without Frontiers Directive. The Act on Television and Radio Operations (Act 744/1998) generally seeks to promote television and radio broadcasting. It states, inter alia, that licences to operate television or radio broadcasting over the air shall be declared open for application and are to be granted - for a maximum period of ten years - by the government. The government will issue a plan on the use of frequencies. When granting...

On 17 December 1999, the Berlin Administrative Court ( Verwaltungsgericht - VG) held the practice followed by n-tv using a crawling display simultaneously with the normal picture for advertising purposes to be admissible. Since August 1998, the private news station n-tv had started running advertising material alongside stock prices in a crawling display on the lower part of the screen. The crawl strip was separated from the main programme by a red stripe. The advertising messages were preceded by two stars and the word "advertising" plus another star and closed off by the same sequence in reverse....