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The European Commission recently published a green paper on combating imitations and the pirating of products and services in the Internal Market. In addition to standardising concepts in this area, it sets out to explore the need for comprehensive measures to prevent the pirating of products and services protected by the laws on trade, copyright, services and data banks. It mentions radio and information society services as being particularly affected by piracy. Four lines of action, comprising different measures, are envisaged. One covers technical measures against piracy. The Green Paper refers...

The Directive on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data came into force on 25 October 1998. This obliges member states to take the legal, technical and organisational measures needed to provide a uniform level of protection throughout the Community concerning automated processing and storage of personal data in data banks. The Directive states that personal data may, in principle, be processed only with the consent of the person concerned, or for one of the special reasons which it lists. The processing of certain sensitive...

On 15 September 1998 the Hungarian parliament accepted with 34 abstentions the annual reports submitted by Hungary's Parliamentary Commissioners. On 30 June 1995 the Hungarian parliament elected three commissioners by more than two thirdsmajority: the Parliamentary Commissioner for Human Rights, the Parliamentary Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information and the Parliamentary Commissioner for Ethnic Minorities. According to article 27 of Act LIX of 1993 on the Parliamentary Commissioners, each year all Parliamentary Commissioners have to submit a report to parliament on their...

First report On 9. April 1998 the Council of Ministers discussed and passed the draft of a Radio and Television Act to the Parliament. On 24. September 1998 the Parliament approved the act. However, it has still not been signed by the President and is not yet in force.. The Radio and Television Act reflects the requirements of European law in the regulation of both public and commercial broadcasters. It regulates radio and television broadcasters, regardless of the means of transmission - cable, satellite or any other technical means. The act does not envisage restrictions relating to the form...

In July the Belgian Federal Parliament adopted legislation transposing Directive 96/9 of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases ( see IRIS 1996-3: 6 and IRIS 1996-2: 13). Firstly, a specific law recognises the rights of the producer of a database and provides for important exceptions as regards the legitimate user. Secondly, a number of amendments to the Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act of 30 June 1994 relate to the protection of copyright regarding databases. A new Article 22a sets out the ways in which the originator of a database may not prohibit certain applications of reproduction...