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On 16 November 2001, the Radiolaki (Radio Act) and the Laki televisio- ja radiotoiminnasta annetun lain muuttamisesta (Act on the amendment of the Act on Television and Radio Operations) were ratified. The Acts entered into force on 1 January 2002. The Radio Act replaces the former Radio Act (517/1988). The Radio Act deals mainly with technical matters. The Act contains regulations on radio equipment, commercial and practical matters (such as importation, sale, health and safety, etc), trade conditions, possession and use, and how the use of radio frequencies is planned and granted for different...

On 18 November 2001 President of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma signed the Statute on elections of the people's deputies in Ukraine (hereinafter "the Statute"). This Act deals comprehensively with the issue of media coverage of the electoral process. It obliges the media organizations to "impartially cover the course of the preparatory period and the conduct of elections" (Art.20). The Statute guarantees specific rights for "media representatives" in regard to access to the activities of the governmental and other official bodies involved in the electoral process. Designated state officials are responsible...

On 5 December 2001 the Constitutional Court delivered a resolution on the amendment of Article 79 of Act 1959 on the Civil Code that has been adopted as "Lex Répássy" by Parliament on 29 May 2001. The Amendment, in addition to other legal remedies that are specified in the Civil Code, was intended to grant a right to reply when opinions and comments are expressed that violate a person's honour and good reputation. According to the Amendment, in the cases of such violations, the Courts are obliged to impose a public interest fine on the media up to an unlimited amount. When the Amendment was adopted,...

On 15 November 2001, the Independent Television Commission published a revision to its Programme Code ("the ITC Programme Code"). The Section in question is 2.11 and it deals with the reporting of offences (including sexual offences) involving children (i.e., anyone under the age of 18). The Section now reads: "Reporting of sexual and other offences involving children Where children are or have been involved in police enquiries or court proceedings concerning sexual offences, special care needs to be taken to avoid the so called 'jigsaw effect'. This happens when several reports in different media...

On 6 December 2001, the Council of EU Telecoms Ministers agreed on a common position regarding the draft Directive concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector. The agreement differs on several points from the proposal adopted by the European Parliament, and the draft Directive will be given a second reading. Compared to the position adopted by the European Parliament, the Council takes a more moderate approach towards information-gathering, including the use of cookies. Cookies are devices used by Internet browsers to track,...