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On 8 July the Council of Ministers of the EU submitted the final version of its common position on amending the "Television without Frontiers" Directive, which it had adopted on 11 June (as reported in IRIS 1996-6: 7). The Commission then communicated this to the European Parliament on 11 July, with its opinion that this common position was a step in the right direction. Compromise was necessary in order to be able to continue with the procedure for adopting a Resolution. In its Common Position, the Council shares many of the Parliament's considerations, eg concerning determination of jurisdiction...

After heated parliamentary discussion, an Act to protect health against the effects of using tobacco and tobacco products was passed on 9 November 1995. The Act, which came into force on 1 May 1996, marks the start of more vigorous action to curb smoking in Poland. In addition to preventing dependence on tobacco and tobacco products and protecting health against the effects of using them, the act is intended to protect the right of non-smokers to a tobacco smoke-free environment. It obliges government and local authorities to take all the action needed for this purpose. The Act imposes numerous...

On 29 July 1996, a US District Court in New York became the second court (for the first court decision see IRIS 1996-7: 7) to order a preliminary injunction against enforcement of section 223 of the Communications Decency Act ("CDA") since the CDA was enacted on 8 February of this year ( see IRIS 1996-3: 7-10). Adopted to protect minors using on-line computer services, section 223(d) prohibits transmission to a person under 18 years of age, or making available to a person under 18 years of age, sexually explicit material that is patently offensive as measured by contemporary community standards....

A federal working party under the guidance of the Federal Office for Justice has published a report on a number of points of law arising in connection with worldwide data exchange on the Internet, which has developed enormously in recent years. The report provides an overview of matters of criminal law, data protection law and copyright, and makes a number of recommendations to access providers with a view to preventing the illegal misuse of data networks. This supports the efforts of the Internet branch to set up a code of conduct for Internet access providers. The working party does not envisage...

On 25 July 1996, the European Commission published its Green Paper "Living and Working in the Information Society: People First". The Green Paper is based upon the work of two main groups which were established by the Commission in 1995. A High Level Group of Experts began its work in May 1995 and presented its preliminary report "Building the Information Society for us all" in January 1996 ( see IRIS 1996-3: 3). In parallel, the Commission created an Information Society Forum, which is broadly based and consists of 128 members. The Forum's first annual report was adopted in June 1996 ( see elsewhere...