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The members of the Independent Television Commission decided on 14 September this year that the satellite channel, MTV Europe, should be required to pay financial penalties totalling £ 60,000 for three breaches of the ITC's Programme and Advertising Codes. The penalties incurred upon MTV Europe were based on the breach of Section 1.5 (i) of the Programme Code which states that material unsuitable for children must not be broadcast at times when large numbers of children may be expected to be watching. The terms of the MTV Europe licence require that the ITC's Codes are observed. Under Sections...

In the USA a major amendment to the Federal Communications Act of 1934 is currently being debated in Congress on the basis of House proposal H.R. 1555: The Communications Act of 1995. The proposed changes are numerous and a coherent version of all changes proposed was not yet published. Recently, however, Prof. David Rice managed to compose a relatively comprehensive Bill by cutting and pasting the different proposals which are available in electronic form on computer networks. This version is now available at the Observatory. The changes proposed concern the development of competitive telecommunications...

On 27 July 1995, the French National Assembly Delegation for the European Union sent a proposal to the National Assembly for a resolution on the European Commission's proposals to amend the "Television without Frontiers" Directive (89/552/CEE of 3 October 1989). The proposal for a resolution on this issue is based on a report of Deputy Francois Guillaume The proposal contains the following wishes: - to strengthen European audio-visual production in the framework of the Media II programme; - to include in the Directive the new services that have the same characteristics as traditional television...

On 3 August 1995 the Greek Parliament has adopted a law 'on the legal status of private TV and local radio, regulation of matters related to the electronic (i.e. radio and TV) market, as well as other arrangements'. The law is divided into four parts; Chapter A deals with private TV, Chapter B with local radio, Chapter C concerns matters related to the electronic market (radio and TV) and the press. The final Chapter, D, regulates matters related to the Ministry of Press and Mass Media, the legal entities under its supervision and to the National Broadcasting Council. The provisions concerning...

On 14 June 1995, the US Senate passed the Communications Decency Act of 1995 - also known as the Exon Bill for short, after its author - by 84 votes to 16. The Bill prohibits the use of computerised communication techniques, such as E-mail and online services, to disseminate "indecent" material, and introduces prison sentences and fines for persons who give under-age children access to such material. If the Bill passes the House of Representatives and is not vetoed by the President, communication via Internet in the USA will be appreciably restricted. It is true, in objective terms, that the Bill...