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The results of a 6-month study on the techniques and technologies available to facilitate parental choice with regard to television programmes conducted by the University of Oxford on behalf of the Directorate-General X of the European Commission have been published. The scope of the study was to determine feasible means of ensuring compliance with Article 22 of the Television Without Frontiers Directive. From the analysis of the feasibility of the application of technical instruments enabling parental monitoring on the content of programmes viewed by children emerges the need for Europe to envisage...

The Broadcasting Standards Commission has included a statement in its most recent Bulletin, arising from its consideration of complaints made against several programmes "within Channel 5's late night erotic strands". The Commission, relying on recently published evidence, notes the public's increasing acceptance and tolerance of "sex on television" only if it is "justified within a dramatic or informative context". The point of the programmes complained of was "clearly erotic". The Commission stated that "the inclusion, for its own sake, of erotic material in a free to air television service is...

On 25 December 1998 the first Act regulating advertising in the Republic of Uzbekistan was passed. Until then, advertising had been regulated only by presidential edicts and government decrees. According to the new Act, "advertising means specific information about legal and natural persons or products for the generation of income". The Act does not cover political advertising. Experts in Uzbekistan have noted that this Act is generally very similar to Advertising Acts in the other States which were formerly part of the Soviet Union. Its most important statutory provisions are: - all advertisements...

In December 1998 the amendments to the Audiovisual Act No.48/1992 ( Lege pentru modificarea si completarea Legii audiovizualului nr.48/1992) were approved by Parliament. The amendments were essentially aimed at completing the Act in order to promote European productions. The new provisions of the Act stipulate that public and private television companies in Romania have until 1 January 2003, as far as possible, to gradually give greater priority to European audiovisual productions until they represent the majority of programmes broadcast, excluding air time devoted to news and sports programmes,...

The High Court of the Zurich Canton, in a revolutionary judgement concerning the dissemination of pornography via the Internet, has established a legal precedent. The operator of a mailbox was fined for giving unrestricted access to pornographic material to any user, including children under the age of 16. After viewing the material, which was transferred into the mailbox not by the defendant himself but by other users, he had moved it to the appropriate section, created by himself, and had failed to delete it, leaving it on file sometimes over a period of years. Under the terms of Art. 197.1 of...