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The Irish Film Censor, Sheamus Smith, has made changes in two audience classification certificates for films released for cinema exhibition in Ireland. The new 12 PG certificate (replacing the Over 12's certificate) indicates that the film is suitable for persons of twelve years and older and for children under that age, provided they are accompanied by a parent or guardian. The new 15 PG certificate (replacing the Over 15's certificate) indicates that the film is suitable for persons of fifteen years and older and for those under that age, provided that they are accompanied by a parent or guardian....

On 22 June 2001, on the occasion of the Luxembourg RTL Group conference held in Venice, Viviane Reding, the member of the European Commission responsible for Education and Culture, spoke about the amendments to be made to the "Television without Frontiers" Directive (hereinafter "the Directive") in the light of technological changes. In particular, Ms Reding considered that there are some areas where technological and market changes are posing serious challenges to the regulatory framework. The provisions of the Directive concerning advertising, for example, should be rethought, given the new...

At a recent meeting on culture, the Council of the European Union turned its attention once again to the protection of minors and human dignity. The Council's Conclusions trace - at length - the instruments and initiatives adopted in these areas in recent times. The Council offered, in particular, its reaction to the Commission's Evaluation Report of 27 February 2001 on the application of the Council Recommendation 98/560/EC of 24 September 1998 concerning the protection of minors and human dignity (see IRIS 2001-5: 4 and IRIS 1998-10: 5). While broadly welcoming the Report, the Council took note...

On 22 June 2001, the Council of Europe Committee on Crime Problems (CDPC), an intergovernmental expert body reporting to the Council of Europe's Committee of Ministers, approved the final draft of the cyber-crime Convention. The Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly had given its opinion on the draft in April this year (see IRIS 2001-5: 3). The Convention, which should be examined and probably adopted by the Committee of Ministers in September this year, will be the first international treaty on computer and computer-related crimes dealing with illegal access and interception, infringements...

On 16 May 2001, following a highly controversial episode in a reality show, the Alta Autoridade para a Comunicação Social (the High Authority for the Media) decided to take a stand on the issue. On 15 May 2001, during prime time, the private terrestrial channel Sociedade Independente de Comunicação (SIC) broadcast an emotional row between a contestant in Bar da TV (a "Big Brother" type of programme) and her parents. Shocked by erotic behaviour in Bar da TV, the parents of a female contestant, Margarida, asked the production team to let them talk to their daughter. The live broadcast of a tearful...