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On 10 December 2004, the Autorità per le garanzie nelle comunicazioni (Italian Communications Authority ­ AGCOM) adopted the Guidelines on the provision of pay-tv services in accordance with article 1, paragraph 6, lit. b), n. 2, of the Communications Act no. 249/97, charging AGCOM with the power to determine the general quality standards of the services in the communications sector and the content of the Chart of services. According to these Guidelines, any operator offering pay-tv services on terrestrial or satellite frequencies or via cable, both on subscription as with pre-paid cards, has to...

The Irish film censor has announced changes to cinema film certificates that have taken effect from 1 January 2005. This follows consultation with parents, educators, the public, film distributors and cinema managers. It also takes into account the results of a nationwide survey of parents published in September 2004 (see IRIS 2004-9: 13), which found inter alia that a significant percentage of parents found some of the classifications too strict. The censor has introduced a new "16" certificate, which restricts admission to those aged 16 and over. The censor has also re-designated the former "12PG"...

In the light of the numerous international conflicts that television channels and radio stations cover every day, the Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (regulatory authority - CSA) adopted on 7 December 2004 a recommendation addressing the repercussions certain international trouble spots could have in France, and calling for particular vigilance in the exercise of editorial responsibility. In doing so, the CSA, as guarantor of the impartiality of information, recalled the need to check the accuracy of the information broadcast or, in the event of uncertainty, to present the information in the...

In a recommendation of 15 December 2004, the Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (official regulatory authority - CSA) strengthened the measures that apply to editors and distributors of television services broadcasting "Category V" programmes, in cinematographic works that may not be shown to anyone under the age of 18 years and pornographic or extremely violent programmes. This recommendation cancels and replaces previous recommendations on the subject (see IRIS 2003-4: 9 and IRIS 2003-10: 7). The CSA recalled the principles that are already established, according to which only "cinema" channels,...

During the last general elections (March 2004), the quality of Spanish TV programmes was hotly debated. Many argued that there are too many gossip programmes, full of artificial debates and shouting. This kind of programming, which is known as telebasura (telerubbish), is also shown at times in which many children may see such broadcasts. The Spanish Government has decided to try to tackle this problem. One of the measures adopted has been to set-up, together with the main national TV broadcasters, a co-regulatory code on the protection of minors. On 9 December 2004, this code was signed by the...