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By Presidential Decree of 23 December 1995, the Italian Council of Ministers introduced some important modifications on the rules governing access to pay TV broadcasting. According to the previous law, only two channels were allowed to broadcast in an encrypted fomat, namely Tele+1 and Tele+2, both partly owned by foreign investors (Kirch and Murdoch) and partly by Italian companies (Berluscon's Fininvest holds a 10% share). The new Decree gives all the other Italian private commercial broadcasters the possibility to broadcast in an encrypted format. In order to do this, they must obtain an authorisation...

IRIS 1995-9:13 included a report on the authorisation of HOT (Home Order Television) tele-shopping programmes by the Bavarian Central Office for New Media ( Bayerische Landeszentrale für Neue Medien BLM). This authorisation in Bavaria was challenged by RTL+, and as a result of provisional legal protection proceedings before the Munich Administrative Court the BLM was obliged to provisionally prohibit inclusion in the Bavarian cable network. The claim was based on the opinion that the authorisation did not comply with Article 27-3 of the Agreement on Broadcasting between the Federal States in United...

On 13 December 1995, in a second reading, the European Parliament amended the common position of the Council on a directive on the protection of consumers in respect of distance contracts. Any type of contract concerning goods or services between a supplier and a consumer under an organized distance sales or service-provision scheme run by the supplier, who, for the purpose of the contract, makes exclusive use of one or more means of distance communication up to and including the moment at which the contract is concluded, is regarded as a `distance contract'. Teleshopping programmes come under...

The Standing Committee on Transfrontier Television brings together representatives of the contracting Parties (currently 13) to the European Convention on Transfrontier Television, as well as observer delegates from non-contracting Parties. Under Article 21 of the Convention the Standing Committee is empowered to give Opinions on the interpretation of the provisions of the instrument. At its 7th meeting (21-22 November 1995), the Standing Committee adopted an Opinion on the application of the Convention's provisions on advertising to "infomercials".

In a letter dated 3 October 1995, the Dutch Media Authority (Commissariaat voor de Media) has published its analysis of the television programmes of RTL4 and RTL5. In the letter to the Dutch under-secretary for Culture, the Media Authority finds that a number of RTL-programmes still violate the 1989 EC-directive. According to the Commissariaat voor de Media , several programmes contain surreptitious advertising and lack a clear separation between programmes and commercials. The Media Authority - which reached similar conclusions in 1992 and 1993 - and RTL have a profoundly different interpretation...