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With decisions issued respectively on 4 June and 11 October 1996 the Tribunals of Rome and Milan have replied negatively to the request of two different Consumer Associations to impose the broadcasters the respect of the directive. In the first case, the Tribunal of Rome, although considering that the Association had locus standi before the Court, decided that the Directive was not directly applicable in the case at hand, because it had no "horizontal effects' (i.e. it could not be enforced against a private entity if not correctly implemented). In the second case the Tribunal of Milan reached...

The Independent Television Commission has published on Wednesday 26 March a new revised Code of Programme Sponsorship which it hopes will widen the scope for sponsorship without the risk of sponsors "excessively diverting the editorial agenda for commercial purposes." The provisions of the new code have immediate effect. The main changes to the code are as follows: - Masthead programming (programming made or funded by a periodical, newspaper, book or informational software publishers which incorporates the name of the publisher in its title) to be permitted on all ITC licensed channels apart from...

On 20 February 1997, the State Duma passed in the first reading (for a Bill to become law, there should be three readings in the Duma, approval by the Upper House, and signing by the President) a Bill on Limitations of Circulation of Products, Services and Performances of Sexual Character in the Russian Federation. The Bill, drafted by the Committee on Culture of the Duma permits, in accordance with Article 242 of the 1997 Criminal Code, the sale and distribution of legal pornography (as opposed to pornographic material which is considered to be illegal ). At the same time, for the first time...

On 25 March 1997 the Monopolies Commission reached its decision on the complaint lodged by Canal Plus against TF1 . Canal Plus claimed that the specific discounts TF1 allowed to advertisers devoting more than half their budget to the channel, and the additional discount for advertisers paying TF1 between FF 1.5 and 45 million for advertising, where this represented between 80 and 100% of their television advertising budget, constituted abuse of a dominant position. The Commission refused the precautionary measures Canal Plus claimed, although it did not deny that such practices might constitute...

The Danish Broadcasting Act was amended in December 1996. The new provisions came into force in January 1997. The background for the amendments is the political agreement from May last year between the government and all parties in the Parliament (except the left-wing Enhedslisten ) on the framework for the electronic media for 1997-2000. The main features of the amendments are the following: The two public service broadcasters Danmarks Radio (radio and TV) and TV 2 (TV only) are given increased economic freedom. The two broadcasters will be allowed to establish subsidiary companies for other...