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The Law of the Ukraine On State Support for the Mass Media and Social Protection of Journalists, adopted by the Supreme Rada (parliament) and signed by the President of Ukraine on 23 September 1997, entered into force on 1 January 1998. Since then all forms of governmental subsidies, economic support for the mass media and social protection of the journalists in Ukraine are regulated by this law, which consists of five chapters and 21 article. According to the statute the government provides economic privileges to all mass media except for (1) erotic (pornographic) publications and programs, (2)...

France is successfully combating the problems of tobacco and alcohol abuse. The Act of 10 January 1991 laid down a blanket prohibition of advertising for tobacco and alcohol on both public- and private-sector television. On radio, the rules for advertising alcoholic drinks are slightly more flexible for private radio stations than for Radio France, the national public-service radio station. For private stations, a decree of 23 September 1992 permits the advertising of alcoholic drinks of less than 1.2° strength on Wednesdays (children's day) between midnight and 7 a.m. only and on other days between...

In a judgment given on 27 January 1998, the Berlin Administrative Court upheld a television company's appeal against a Media Authority decision instructing it to indicate, at the beginning and in the course of a programme, that it was an extended advertising programme. The programme in question presented Berlin restaurants and hotels, none of which paid to be featured. The term "advertising programme" is defined neither in the National Broadcasting Agreement nor in the broadcasting law of the Länder. In deciding whether advertising was involved, the Court relied on Article 1 (b) of Directive...

The Court of Cassation (2nd Civil Chamber) has recently (11 June 1998) delivered a decision stating that Article 6 of the Act of 29 July instituting a right of reply in the audiovisual communications services does not differentiate between the various possible forms of audiovisual communication and may therefore apply to an advertisement. The Court nevertheless recalled that, unlike the principles governing the written press, according to which a person need only be "designated" in a piece of writing to be entitled to reply, in audiovisual matters the message needed to contain "charges likely to...

The Model statute “On transfrontier satellite television and radio broadcasting and international information exchange via satellite means”, an advisory legislative instrument, was adopted by the Interparliamentary Assembly of CIS Member States on 15 June 1998. It regulates relations that emerge in the process of establishing systems of satellite television and radio broadcasting and satellite telecommunication networks; of obtaining permission to use such networks; of their actual use; of television and radio broadcasting via satellites of one state to the territory of another state or to territories...