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1. Hertel vs. Switzerland, 25 August 1998: the freedom of expression also extends to the criticising of certain economic goods, in casu microwave ovens. In 1992 in an article in the quarterly Journal Franz Weber referred a research paper of Mr. Hertel on the effects on human beings of the consumption of food prepared in microwave ovens. According to the journal the research findings of Mr. Hertel scientifically proved the (carcinogenic) danger of microwave ovens. In an editorial by Mr. Weber it was argued that microwave ovens should be banned. Some extracts of the research paper were also published....

The Telecommunications Market Commission ( Comisión del Mercado de las Telecomunicaciones - CMT) is an independent authority whose tasks include safeguarding competition in the telecommunication market and in the audio-visual and interactive services markets. The CMT has the power to pass resolutions in order to ensure that those markets remain open to new entrants. Making use of those powers, the CMT has recently approved a Resolution that sets certain limits to advertising campaigns made by dominant operators in the telecommunications market and in the audio-visual and interactive services markets....

First report On 9. April 1998 the Council of Ministers discussed and passed the draft of a Radio and Television Act to the Parliament. On 24. September 1998 the Parliament approved the act. However, it has still not been signed by the President and is not yet in force.. The Radio and Television Act reflects the requirements of European law in the regulation of both public and commercial broadcasters. It regulates radio and television broadcasters, regardless of the means of transmission - cable, satellite or any other technical means. The act does not envisage restrictions relating to the form...

By judgements on 1 September 1998 and 7 September 1998 the District Courts in Mainz and Cologne respectively decided on the admissibility of a party political broadcast by 'The Republicans" a party authorised to take part in the parliamentary elections. The same issue also arose before the District Court of Munich IThe background was the refusal by private broadcasters SAT 1, RTL, PRO 7 and Kabel 1 to broadcast the programme. In it, photos of the former German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer (German Christian Democratic Party) and the then opposition leader, Kurt Schumacher (German Social Democratic...

Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel (CSA - government body monitoring The solemn warning from the broadcasting) to the chairman of France Télévision on 8 September in respect of further cases of product placement noted on the channels France 2 and France 3 in regard of a number of press titles raises the question of regulations to cover this type of practise. The Decree of 27 March 1992, which lays down regulations for advertising on television and transposes the "Television without Frontiers Directive" into French law, prohibits product placement, defined as "the representation in words or pictures...