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On 9 September 2000, the President of the Republic of Armenia signed the Act on Television and Radio adopted by the National Assembly (Parliament) of Armenia. The Act regulates the procedures for licensing and establishment, as well as the activities of television and radio broadcasting companies. It determines the structure of the national broadcasting system, providing for the co-existence of commercial and public broadcasting companies. The State must ensure that at least one radio and one television programme of the Public Broadcasting Company is received in all the territory of Armenia (Art.4)....

As provided in Art. 26 of the "Television without Frontiers" Directive, on 15 January 2001, the European Commission submitted its third report on the application of the Directive to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee (see IRIS 1995-7: 4 and IRIS 1997-10: 5). The report deals with application of the Directive since it was amended in July 1997 up until the end of 2000. After giving a description of the development of the television market in Europe during the period 1997 to 2000, the report takes a closer look at the functioning of several of the directive's...

The present Mass Media Law has been in the process of changing since 1996, that is since only two years after its adoption, because of its many deficiencies: the law is being circumvented, market players do not comply with those restrictions regulating media ownership shares, the law does not prevent the "selling" of broadcasting channels and it does not provide for the necessary sanctions for all sorts of legal offences. In order to harmonise Slovenian with European legislation and to solve the existing legal problems, the Ministry of Culture has already prepared a new law. The draft contains...

In July 2000, Act No. XV amending the Broadcasting Act 1991 (as amended by Act XIV 1993), became effective. Key features of the law now include provisions allowing for wider media ownership, a definition of "teleshopping" as well as amendments to the "must carry obligation" imposed on cable TV operators. It also contains restrictions on the transfer of broadcasting licenses. In its original version, the Broadcasting Act provided that a licensee could only obtain either a TV or a radio licence. In its 1993 amendment, the law widened this provision to allow for ownership of both a TV and a radio...

The new legislation concerning the National Radio and Television Council (ESR) and the other authorities in the audiovisual sector (Act no. 2863/2000 - see IRIS 2001-1: 9) provides for self-regulation mechanisms by instituting self-regulatory bodies in respect of radio and television services. Under the new legislation, holders of authorisations (both private radio and television channels broadcasting without encryption and suppliers of encrypted radio and/or television services) must conclude multi-lateral contracts in which their parties define the rules and ethical principles governing the programmes...