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The Spanish regulation relating to television advertising can be found in Chapter III of Act 25/1994 on the incorporation into Spanish law of the EC "Television without Frontiers" Directive. In 2001, the European Commission initiated infringement proceedings against Spain for its poor application of the provisions of Directive 89/552/EEC dealing with television advertising (see IRIS 2001-4: 3). The national authority in charge of applying those provisions, the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (Ministry for Science and Technology), considered that in order to enforce them properly, it was necessary...

The Landesmedienanstalten (regional media authorities), which monitor private broadcasting in Germany, have recently dealt with two cases concerning the ban on religious and political advertising. On 8 January 2002, the regional media authorities' Gemeinsame Stelle Werbung, Recht, Europa und Verwaltung (Joint Office for Advertising, Law, Europe and Administration) recommended that each of the regional media authorities, which are responsible for monitoring private broadcasters, should ban further broadcasts of advertisements for the book Kraft zum Leben ("Power for Living"), published by the American...

In two of its decisions the Unfair Trading Commission has ruled on some fundamental questions concerning advertising using electronic media. In an administrative decision dated 21 November 2001 the Commission declared spamming not to be legitimate where messages are sent without proof of an existing customer relationship. It stated that such spamming, i.e. the unsolicited sending of advertising e-mails when a customer relationship does not exist, represents an inadmissible `aggressive marketing technique' as understood in no. 4 (4) of the Principles of the Commission, and so is not legitimate in...

On 18 November 2001 President of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma signed the Statute on elections of the people's deputies in Ukraine (hereinafter "the Statute"). This Act deals comprehensively with the issue of media coverage of the electoral process. It obliges the media organizations to "impartially cover the course of the preparatory period and the conduct of elections" (Art.20). The Statute guarantees specific rights for "media representatives" in regard to access to the activities of the governmental and other official bodies involved in the electoral process. Designated state officials are responsible...

Danish legislation on the information and communication media has to be adapted to the development of new technology by which the separate media shall be able to converge into multifunctional entities. In preparation for the arrival of the future information society a Committee established by the former Minister for Culture, Elsebeth Gerner-Nielsen, issued a report on convergence in the networked society (Konvergens i netværkssamfundet) on 7 June 2001. The report - examining the motives, powers and scenarios of future development - evaluates in Chapter 6 the sectoral legislation in force and its...