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The Advertising Standards Authority for Ireland (ASAI) is an independent self-regulatory body set up and financed by the advertising industry. Although the amount of legislation governing advertising in Ireland is increasing, advertising remains largely self-regulatory. The ASAI publishes two Codes, which are updated regularly. The Codes cover commercial advertisements: these are characterised as where the advertiser pays or compensates a third party to communicate the commercial message. It covers advertising that has a "paid for" space in the media, which now includes the Internet. In line with...

Swedish broadcaster Canal Plus broadcasts (English) Premier League football matches by satellite and cable. Virtual advertisements were displayed on each side of the goals during play and in the centre circle during intermissions. The messages were inserted, not by the broadcaster, but by the production company. In a recent decision, the Swedish Broadcasting Commission found that Canal Plus was the responsible broadcaster. It also found that the messages constituted television advertising and were thus in breach of the rules concerning the separation and insertion of advertising messages. This...

Ever since Sweden first allowed television advertising in 1991, the rule has been that advertisements must be placed between programmes. The purpose of designing the legislation in this manner was to protect the audience from excessive interruptions of programmes. However, broadcasters soon found a way around this by broadcasting mini-programmes, thus creating artificial intermissions. Television advertisements could then legally be placed in the intermissions. As a consequence, the "breaks" in the original programme became longer and, most likely, more irritating to the viewers. The fact that...

While the competition for the new Director General of the public television channel in Latvia is still going on (see IRIS 2002-4: 8), the discussion on the role of the public service media heightens. A group of private media seized the chance by writing a letter addressed to the President, the Prime Minister, the National Radio and Television Council, political parties and various mass media, stating that according to the existing legislation a public service media organisation may sell advertising time well below the market price. As the authors of the letter pointed out, the public Radio and...

In mid-April the Council of Ministers of Bosnia-Herzegovina (BA) again rejected the Draft Law on Public Service Broadcasting (PBS) in BA. If it had been approved, the next and final step would have been the BA-Parliament, the House of Peoples (Upper House) and the House of Representatives (Lower House). The Draft Law was rejected because of certain issues such as the appointment of members of the advisory bodies, and their mandate. The core provisions were not disputed. The Draft Law is composed of 77 articles, 2 parts, and the following 11 sections: General Provisions, Subscription Fee, Programming,...