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On 5 December 2001 the Constitutional Court delivered a resolution on the amendment of Article 79 of Act 1959 on the Civil Code that has been adopted as "Lex Répássy" by Parliament on 29 May 2001. The Amendment, in addition to other legal remedies that are specified in the Civil Code, was intended to grant a right to reply when opinions and comments are expressed that violate a person's honour and good reputation. According to the Amendment, in the cases of such violations, the Courts are obliged to impose a public interest fine on the media up to an unlimited amount. When the Amendment was adopted,...

At the end of its winter session of 2001, the Hungarian legislator approved Act No. CVIII of 2001 on certain aspects of electronic commerce and information society services (Act on E-Commerce). The new act contains a set of rules that are necessary to implement Directive 2000/31/EC into national law. The most important legal institutions established by the new act can be summarised as follows: - The act introduces the limitation of liability concerning providers of intermediary services. Beside the cases specified in the corresponding directive - services consisting of `mere conduit'; `caching'...

On 29 May 2001, the Hungarian Parliament adopted Act XXXV of 2001 on Electronic Signature ("the Act"). Most provisions of the Act entered into force on 1 September 2001. The Act covers the scope of the utilization of electronic signatures and the legal conditions for the acceptance of electronic signatures. The Act also specifies the level of security that an electronic document must reach in order to be considered valid and the legal consequences of using electronic documents and services related to electronic signatures. The Act also sets forth the substantive and procedural rules on related...

In a decision published at the end of August, the Országos Rádió és Televízió Testület (ORTT), the Hungarian national radio and television authority, expressed its views on Bertelsmann's media involvement in Hungary. Bertelsmann, which operates the Hungarian commercial TV station RTL Klub through its involvement with the RTL Group, and which also controls the high-circulation national newspaper Nepszabadsag, was ordered to give up its ownership of one of these companies within 180 days. Under Chapter 8 of Media Act No.I/1996, which contains regulations on media ownership, a company that holds...

The Hungarian Parliament adopted the new consolidated Act on Communications drafted on the basis of EU communications legislation. The Act sets out rules for the telecommunications sector, the cable TV market and postal services. Its main objectives are to ensure the infrastructural development of the information society, to liberalize the Hungarian voice telephony market and to lead the Hungarian communications market to international standard. The Act is also aimed at ensuring competition, and calls for co-operation among communications networks. In addition to general competition regulation...