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In a decision of 20 March 1997 the Court of Appeal in Aix-en-Provence has severely reminded the company E. Leclerc of the conditions for the legality of comparative advertising. Without notifying its direct competitor Carrefour , the company had issued posters showing two shopping trolleys filled with foodstuffs bearing the labels E. Leclerc and Carrefour . The second, which was much smaller than the first, was marked "E. Leclerc cheaper than Carrefour Vitrolles" and "prices for first quarter 93". The Court of Appeal, upholding the judgment of the court of first instance, penalised the failure...

In 1996, for the first time ever, a rap group was taken to court for the content of its songs. Following a concert during which the group NTM sang violent words about police institutions, the Public Prosecutor at the Regional Court in Toulon started proceedings against the two singers. The verdict of the judges in the initial proceedings, sentencing the two performers to three months' imprisonment and six months' ban on singing on the basis of Articles 433-5 and 433-22 of the Criminal Code which sanctions insulting a public servant, was considered severe by observers, particularly as the facts...

Brussels and GATT meetings are not the only places where there is talk of quotas; the subject also came up at the Conseil d'État in a decision dated 5 March 1997. Private rights collecting societies of performing artists and authors felt that the television channels TF1, M6 and La Cinq (which has since ceased to exist) were not respecting the obligations imposed on them regarding the production and broadcasting of works produced within the Community or in French. The rights collecting societies called on the Conseil supérieur de l'Audiovisuel (CSA - the government radio and television monitoring...

Canal Plus, set up in 1984, is a television channel with special links with the film industry. Under the terms of an agreement reached on 1 June 1995 with the Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel (government radio and television supervisory authority), it is authorised to broadcast 365 films per year between noon and midnight and 120 films between midnight and noon. It would be tempting to a channel like Canal Plus to invest in film production either directly or through a subsidiary (in this case a company called "Studio"). A commercial strategy of this kind would be a serious blow to independent...

In two decisions dated 7 May 1997 and 24 May 1997, the Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel (CSA) looked ahead to the parliamentary elections scheduled for 25 May and 1 June 1997, and told national broadcasting companies what kinds of programme they might schedule and broadcast, how long those programmes might be, and when they might be broadcast and repeated. The second CSA decision stated, for example: "On France 2 and France 3, the short programmes shall be scheduled simultaneously at 7 a.m. They shall be repeated on both channels the same day, and again simultaneously immediately after the 8...