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The Spanish Parliament has approved an Act amending the provisions of the 1995 Spanish Criminal Code that regulate sex-related crimes. The final text of the Act mainly coincides with the text of the bill presented by the Government in 1997. According to the new version of Art. 189 (1) (b) of the Spanish Criminal Code, the production, sale, distribution and exhibition of pornographic material in which children have participated shall be punished with one to three years' imprisonment, even if the material has been taken from abroad or if its origin is unknown. The possession of materials of this...

The Spanish Parliament has finally approved an Act incorporating the revised "Television Without Frontiers" Directive into Spanish Law. This Act amends Law 25/1994, which implemented the original "Television Without Frontiers" Directive. The new Act introduces some important amendments: - According to the new Art. 2 of Law 25/1994, the provisions of this law shall apply to terrestrial, satellite and cable TV, and to all public and private broadcasters. Until now, Law 25/1994 did not apply to thematic channels distributed via satellite, and only a few of its provisions applied to the programmes...

The Asociación de Autocontrol de la Publicidad (the Spanish Advertising Self-Regulatory Association - AAP) has recently approved a Code of Conduct for Advertising on the Internet. The AAP was set up in 1995, and its objectives are to ensure that the self-regulatory provisions for the regulation of advertising are adhered to, and to regulate the form and content of the media. In 1996, the AAP already adopted a (general) Advertising Code of Conduct, which has been widely accepted by the industry. Now, the AAP has approved a new Code of Conduct for advertising on the Internet. The code applies only...

Over the past years, Spain has witnessed a series of mergers concerning the new cable operators. These mergers are linked to, and best understood against the background of, the process of implementation of Cable TV in Spain. Cable TV was forbidden in Spain until 1994, when the Constitutional Court decided that the provision of cable TV services was covered by art. 20 of the Constitution (freedom of speech). After this Judgment, the Parliament decided to approve the Cable Telecom Act 1995. The Act stipulates that in each of the geographically determined areas two concessionaires will provide services....

The Government of the Canary Islands and the Ministerio de Fomento (Ministry of Development) have been in dispute since the summer of 1998 over the participation of private broadcasters in regional public television ( see IRIS 1998-9:14). In July 1998, the Government of the Canary Islands applied to the Spanish Government for a licence in order to create a regional public television, in accordance with the provision contained in Law 46/1983 (Third Channel TV Act). At the same time, the Government of the Canary Islands invited tenders to decide which private broadcaster would provide this service....