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Duma On 5 September 1997 the State of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (the Lower House of the Parliament) adopted the Federal Act "On Basic Guarantees for Citizens of Russian Federation of the Electoral Rights and the Right to Participate in Referenda" (No124-FZ). It was signed by President Boris Yeltsin on 19 September 1997 and came into force on 30 September 1997. The Act consists of 66 Articles dividing over eleven Chapters. The concept of election canvassing is given in Article 2 of the Law and is defined as the activity of the citizens of the Russian Federation, candidates,...

On 3 September 1997 the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (the lower house of the Parliament) adopted in the first reading the Bill "On the Right to Information". The Bill was drafted by the Ministry of Justice and other departments of the government and submitted to Parliament by the President of Russia. The Bill consists of 14 chapters. It guarantees to everyone the freedom to seek, receive and impart information (Article 1). State departments shall provide free of charge lists of information materials that they possess. State departments and bodies of...

The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation that replaced the previous Criminal Code of 1962 and entered into force in January 1997, introduces criminal liability and more severe penalties in a number of offences that relate to the audio-visual and new media sectors. Article 146 of the Code says that if an abuse of copyright or neighbouring rights, as well as plagiarism inflicts substantial damages, violators are subject to fines from 200 to 400 minimum monthly wages (at present: from approximately USD 2,800 to 5,600), or to forced labour of 180 to 240 hours, or to a jail term of up to two years....

The Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Participation in International Exchange of Information" is the basic Statute that regulates issues of international exchange of information, including mass information. The Statute aims at providing conditions for an effective participation and strong positions of Russia in the area of transnational flow of information. It lists the responsibilities of the government: to provide customers with information, update and protect informational resources (data banks, archives, etc.), introduce modern technologies, and facilitate the exchange of information...

On 20 February 1997, the State Duma passed in the first reading (for a Bill to become law, there should be three readings in the Duma, approval by the Upper House, and signing by the President) a Bill on Limitations of Circulation of Products, Services and Performances of Sexual Character in the Russian Federation. The Bill, drafted by the Committee on Culture of the Duma permits, in accordance with Article 242 of the 1997 Criminal Code, the sale and distribution of legal pornography (as opposed to pornographic material which is considered to be illegal ). At the same time, for the first time...