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On 25 July 2000 the Ministry for Communications and Informatizations ("Communications Ministry") issued a decree regulating implementation of the so-called System for Operational-Investigative Activity (SORM, by Russian acronym). These technical means enable security services to collect information from communications networks. The Decree allows access to the contents of personal communications in any form, including e-mail messages. The Decree was issued as part of enforcement steps for the Federal Statute Ob operativno-rozysknoi dejatelnosti (On Operational Investigation) of 1995 and other laws...

On 24 May 2000 the State Duma (Parliament of the Russian Federation) adopted by an overwhelming majority (363 votes for and 13 against) an Act adding a new paragraph to Article 4 of the 1991 Mass Media Act. On 7 June the members of the Sovjet Federazii (Federal Council of the Russian Federation) unanimously approved the Act, which was signed by President Putin on 22 June 2000. The new third paragraph of Article 4 of the Mass Media Act prohibits the distribution of the following types of information via the mass media and computer networks: information concerning the discovery, manufacture or use...

On 31 December 1999, the Ministry of Press, Broadcasting and Mass Communications adopted "Regulations of the Federal Competition Commission on Television and Radio Broadcasting". The document stipulates the procedure for carrying out tenders for broadcasting licensing in Russia. The Federal Competition Commission on Television and Radio Broadcasting (The Federal Commission) consists of nine members and takes decisions for the assigning of frequencies. The Federal Commission can vote either secretly or openly, by a simple (yes/no) vote, or by a rating vote. The voting takes place after the applicants'...

In the summer of 1999 the main amendments to the "Law on Basic Guarantees with respect to the Voting Rights of Citizens and Their Right to Take Part in Referenda" (Law on Basic Guarantees) was adopted. The Law on Basic Guarantees is the main law that determines the principles for implementing all federal, regional and local elections. The changes made to the Law on Basic Guarantees had made it necessary for all other laws governing the organisation of various elections to be brought into line with it. That is why incorporating the changes to the Presidential Elections Law was crucial to the successful...

The Statute "On Administrative Responsibility of Juridical Persons for Violation of Legislation of the Russian Federation on Elections and Referenda" was adopted by the State Duma (parliament) on 5 November 1999 and entered into force on 8 December. The Statute consists of 25 articles, the majority of which are devoted to procedural issues. Without its procedural rules the Statute would be inoperable because the ordinary rules of administrative procedure, which are part of the (1984) Russian Code of Administrative Infractions, are intended for the assignment of responsibility to natural persons...