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The Statute "On Administrative Responsibility of Juridical Persons for Violation of Legislation of the Russian Federation on Elections and Referenda" was adopted by the State Duma (parliament) on 5 November 1999 and entered into force on 8 December. The Statute consists of 25 articles, the majority of which are devoted to procedural issues. Without its procedural rules the Statute would be inoperable because the ordinary rules of administrative procedure, which are part of the (1984) Russian Code of Administrative Infractions, are intended for the assignment of responsibility to natural persons...

The charter and membership list of the Federal Commission for the issue of Broadcasting Licences was signed on 28 September 1999 by the Ministr po delam petschati, teleradioweschtschanija i sredstw massowych kommunikazij (Federal Minister for Press, Television, Radio and Mass Communications). The establishment of this commission was laid down by Federal government decree #698 of 26 June 1999 (IRIS 1999-8: 8). Under this decree, all licences for television and radio and the use of frequencies in towns with populations greater than 200,000 persons are to be issued solely by tender. However, as a...

On 10 September 1999, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted the Statute of the Ministry of the Press, Broadcasting and Mass Communications, which was created in July 1999 after the abolition of the State Committee on the Press and the Federal Service for Television and Radio Broadcasting. In accordance with the Statute, the main tasks for the new Ministry are: developing state policy in the field of the mass media; mass communications; broadcasting and publishing; licensing and registration of the mass media; control over the use of the radio-frequency spectrum and the use of satellites...

On 26 June 1999, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted the Decree on Competitions for Obtaining Broadcasting Rights and on Development of New Radio-Frequency Channels for Broadcasting. The Decree determines the new licencing procedure in Russia. Under the new Decree broadcasting licences and licences to use telecommunications frequencies are to be obtained on the basis of competitions in the capitals of the regions of the Russian Federation and in those cities with a population of more than 200.000 people. The Federal Service for Television and Radio Broadcasting (FSTR) shall determine...

The new version of the Act containing important amendments to the previous Election and Referendum Act was published on 6 April 1999 and has entered into force. Five of the 48 paragraphs of the Act are concerned with amendments to current provisions regulating mass-media coverage of election campaigns. Among the most significant provisions of the Election Act (including its amended version) are the following: - once a complete list of election candidates has been drawn up, all candidates and parties on that list are equally entitled to election advertising in the mass media; - all state broadcasting...