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The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has added a new and interesting judgment to its case-law on the right to freedom of expression in the workplace and the horizontal effect of the right to freedom of expression in private relations (see also Halet v. Luxembourg, IRIS 2023-4:1/23; Herbai v. Hungary, IRIS 2020-1:1/4; and Fuentes Bobo v. Spain, IRIS 2000-4:1/1). The case concerns the dismissal in 2010 of a senior employee in a chemical factory on the ground that he had disclosed sensitive information concerning the factory in an interview with a journalist. In this interview the employee raised...

The Republic of Armenia's Law on Audiovisual Media (Audiovisual Media Law), enacted on 16 July 2020, and effective from 7 August 2020, replaced the previous legislation, the Law on Television and Radio, which was passed on 9 October 2000. The decision to introduce the new law was prompted by advancements in the audiovisual media industry and the swift evolution of technology. The Audiovisual Media Law introduces notable changes in the regulation of cable operators. Previously, licensing requirements for cable operators, governed by Article 50(2) of the Law on Television and Radio required...

On 27th December 2023, the Prime Minister of Armenia sanctioned, through his decision, the National Concept and the Action Plan dedicated to combating disinformation within the country. The prime pillar of this strategy is 'strengthening the capabilities of public institutions of Armenia to detect, analyse, and expose disinformation.' Under this pillar, the following activities are listed for implementation: 1. Improving strategic communication within government agencies, strengthening human, financial, and technical resources in their public communication departments; 2. Improving...

The Law on Cinematography (hereinafter referred to as the Law) was adopted on 30 June 2021 and entered into force on 26 July 2021. The purpose of adopting the Law is to ensure the development of the cinematography industry in the Republic of Armenia, to create sufficient legal guarantees and to support the creation, distribution, screening and promotion of national films, as well as the preservation of and access to film heritage and film history. This law, consisting of 10 chapters in total, defines the principles of state policy in the field of cinematography, the goals and forms of state...

The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has delivered a judgment finding breaches of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) because of lack of protection against hate speech (see also IRIS 2020-3/21 Beizaras and Levickas v. Lithuania). The ECtHR found a breach of the prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment and discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation because the Armenian authorities had failed to protect an LGBT-activist from homophobic arson and online hate speech. The authorities had also failed to carry out an effective investigation in order to identify the people...